Discover the best computer courses in Abu Dhabi designed to boost your skills and advance your career in today’s technology-driven world. Whether you are a beginner eager to learn the basics or a professional looking to specialize in areas like programming, cybersecurity, data analysis or digital marketing, Abu Dhabi offers a wide range of high-quality training programs. Our carefully selected courses combine expert instruction, hands-on practice, and up-to-date curricula to ensure you gain the practical knowledge and confidence needed to excel in the fast-evolving tech landscape. Explore our top recommendations and find the perfect course to unlock your potential in the heart of the UAE.
Mas Education Centre
MAS Education Centre, established in 1999 and located on Electra Street in Abu Dhabi, offers a diverse range of computer and IT courses designed to equip professionals with essential digital skills. Their curriculum includes programs in Machine Learning, Python for Data Science, UI/UX Design, and AWS Certified Solutions Architect, among others. These courses are tailored to meet the demands of the modern workforce, providing hands-on experience and practical knowledge.
In addition to their IT offerings, MAS Education Centre provides internationally recognized qualifications in accounting and finance, such as ACCA, CMA, CPA, and Diploma in IFRS. This comprehensive approach ensures that students not only gain technical expertise but also develop a strong foundation in financial and business management. With expert trainers and a commitment to practical, real-world applications, MAS Education Centre stands out as a leading institution for professional development in Abu Dhabi.

Monday | 10:00 AM – 10:00 PM |
Tuesday | 10:00 AM – 10:00 PM |
Wednesday | 10:00 AM – 10:00 PM |
Thursday | 10:00 AM – 10:00 PM |
Friday | Closed |
Saturday | 10:00 AM – 10:00 PM |
Sunday | 10:00 AM – 10:00 PM |
Easy English Languages Computer Institute
Easy English Language and Computer Institute (EELCI) in Abu Dhabi offers a comprehensive range of computer courses designed to cater to learners of all levels. Their 34-hour computer courses encompass essential skills such as basic computer literacy, Microsoft Office proficiency, graphics designing and digital marketing. The curriculum is structured to provide hands-on experience, ensuring that students not only learn theoretical concepts but also apply them in practical scenarios. Whether you’re a beginner aiming to understand the fundamentals or an advanced learner seeking specialized knowledge, EELCI’s courses are tailored to meet diverse learning needs.
The institute prides itself on its modern facilities, including well-equipped classrooms with multimedia resources, creating an immersive learning environment. With flexible learning options available, students can choose between group or individual sessions, accommodating various schedules and preferences. EELCI’s commitment to quality education is reflected in its high student satisfaction ratings, with many praising the expertise and dedication of the instructors. Upon completion of the courses, students receive certifications that are recognized in the industry, enhancing their employability and career prospects.

Monday | 10:00 AM – 8:00 PM |
Tuesday | 10:00 AM – 8:00 PM |
Wednesday | 10:00 AM – 8:00 PM |
Thursday | 10:00 AM – 8:00 PM |
Friday | 10:00 AM – 8:00 PM |
Saturday | Closed |
Sunday | 10:00 AM – 8:00 PM |
Filozof Training Centre
Filozof Training Centre, located on Najda Street in Abu Dhabi, offers a comprehensive suite of computer courses designed to enhance digital proficiency and support career advancement. Their curriculum encompasses essential programs such as Microsoft Office, ICDL (International Computer Driving License), and introductory programming. These courses aim to equip students with fundamental skills in word processing, spreadsheet management, and basic coding, laying a solid foundation for various professional paths.
For those seeking to specialize further, Filozof provides advanced IT certifications including CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate), CompTIA A+ and cybersecurity courses. These programs are tailored to individuals aspiring to pursue careers in network administration, IT support, and data security. With expert instructors, flexible scheduling options, and a focus on practical, hands-on learning, Filozof Training Centre stands out as a valuable resource for anyone looking to enhance their computer skills in Abu Dhabi.

Monday | 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Tuesday | 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Wednesday | 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Thursday | 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Friday | 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Saturday | 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Sunday | Closed |
Edu Brand Administrative Business Training L.l.c
Edu Brand Administrative Business Training L.L.C., established in the heart of Abu Dhabi (opposite Capital Park on Hamdan Bin Mohammed Street), is an ACTVET-accredited institute that combines professional development with administrative excellence. Their Information Technology offerings include practical, career-focused modules such as Computer Hardware & Networking and ITIL Foundation. The Computer Hardware & Networking course (30 hours, with a fast-track option of 20 hours) provides hands-on experience in assembling and troubleshooting PCs, understanding networking components like fiber optics and TCP/IP, and configuring firewalls—all led by seasoned industry experts.
What makes Edu Brand’s IT training stand out is its flexible delivery (online or in-person), small class sizes for individualized attention, and competitive pricing. Their ITIL Foundation course (20–30 hours) blends strategic insights with real-world scenarios to equip students in IT service management methodologies. Graduates receive printed and PDF certificates that bolster their professional credentials, making these programs ideal for beginners looking to start a career in IT support, networking, or service management—or for professionals seeking to upskill efficiently.

Monday | 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Tuesday | 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Wednesday | 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Thursday | 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Friday | 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Saturday | 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Sunday | 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Al Manal Training Center
Al Manal Training Center, located at ADCP Towers on Electra Street, Abu Dhabi, offers a broad selection of computer and IT courses for learners at all levels. Their Microsoft Office training is designed to make participants proficient in tools like Word, Excel, PowerPoint and Outlook, with a strong emphasis on practical tasks and real-world applications. Additionally, they provide specialized programming courses such as C Language (20 hours) and Machine Learning (30 hours), delivering both foundational theory and hands-on practice in coding, algorithm design, and data analysis. Classes are kept small for focused learning, include personalized mentoring, and culminate in individual projects that reinforce applied skills.
For learners looking to expand into cutting-edge and career-focused IT domains, Al Manal also offers Robotics, which blends mechanical design, electronics, and programming in a 30-day immersive format. With over 20 years of experience and high satisfaction ratings—reflected in consistently positive student feedback—the center commits to delivering expert-led instruction, hands-on assignments, and recognized certifications across a wide range of tech subjects.

Monday | 11:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Tuesday | 11:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Wednesday | 11:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Thursday | 11:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Friday | 11:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Saturday | 11:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Sunday | 11:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Shining Star Education Training Llc
Shining Star Education Training LLC in Abu Dhabi is a distinguished ACTVET‑accredited institute founded in 2009, offering a rich mix of STEM, coding, robotics, design and enrichment courses for both children and adults. Their computer-focused programs include coding in Scratch, MIT App Inventor, and Python, robotics, AI, electronics and graphic/web design—designed to spark creativity and develop logical thinking from a young age. These courses are heavily project-based, promoting hands-on learning in modern labs under expert instruction, and students graduate with internationally recognized certifications while participating in competitions like FLL and abacus championships.
Beyond technical training, Shining Star fosters soft‑skill development—communication, collaboration, critical thinking—to prepare students for real-world challenges. Courses are flexible in length, ranging from a few weeks to six months depending on the program, and are available both in-person and online. With small class sizes, tailored instruction, and modern facilities, the centre caters to learners starting as early as six years old through to professionals seeking to sharpen their digital and problem-solving abilities.

Monday | 8:00 AM – 7:00 PM |
Tuesday | 8:00 AM – 7:00 PM |
Wednesday | 8:00 AM – 7:00 PM |
Thursday | 8:00 AM – 7:00 PM |
Friday | 8:00 AM – 7:00 PM |
Saturday | 8:00 AM – 7:00 PM |
Sunday | Closed |
Ssc Cultural Institute Llc
SSC Cultural Institute provides a comprehensive tiered program in computer skills, tailored for learners across all levels—from basic to advanced. Their curriculum includes foundational Computer Science (basic, intermediate, and advanced), ICDL certification modules (1–8), web design and Microsoft Office (Excel, Word, Publisher, Access, Outlook). They also offer specialized training in graphic design and digital photography, as well as programming (Oracle, Java) and networking disciplines such as Linux/Red Hat and computer networking. This rich program is further enhanced by practical modules in PC maintenance, interior design software, CAD tools, and 3D animation applications—ensuring students acquire both theoretical understanding and hands‑on application.
In addition to core IT skills, SSC broaden their portfolio with advanced and security-specific training. They facilitate courses in information security, cybersecurity governance, ethical hacking, Python programming and operational security for critical infrastructures. Learners can also choose targeted programs like Networking & Data Security Fundamentals, Cyber Security Basics, and Digital Transformation. These offerings are ideal for aspiring IT professionals seeking certifications, network technicians, security analysts, and developers aiming to sharpen their expertise in today’s digital and secure environments.

Monday | 10:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Tuesday | 10:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Wednesday | 10:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Thursday | 10:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Friday | 10:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Saturday | 8:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Sunday | 8:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Highq Training Center Mussafah
HighQ Training Center in Mussafah, Abu Dhabi, is an ACTVET‑licensed institute offering a wide spectrum of computer and IT courses tailored for career-focused individuals and working professionals. Their core offerings include ICDL certification—a 40‑hour program covering computer essentials, Microsoft Office, online collaboration and IT security—as well as Microsoft Office (basic to advanced), Advanced Excel (30 hours), and graphic/web design courses (Photoshop, Illustrator, WordPress). For those aiming for development and technical roles, HighQ also delivers programming courses in Python, C/C++, Java, PHP & MySQL, Android app development and comprehensive IT infrastructure programs including Computer Hardware & Networking, CCNA, CCNP and MCSA. Additionally, specialized training like AutoCAD (2D/3D) and Digital Marketing (30 hours) expands their offerings into design and digital promotion domains.
What sets HighQ apart is its practical, real-world approach—courses are hands-on, flexible in schedule, and affordably priced—making them accessible for adult learners and professionals balancing work commitments. They operate a dedicated Mussafah branch, supported by qualified trainers with industry experience and smaller class sizes to provide personalized attention.

Monday | 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Tuesday | 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Wednesday | 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Thursday | 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Friday | 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Saturday | 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Sunday | 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Eduplus Training & Consultancy Centre
Since its establishment in 2004, EduPlus has become a recognized center for IT and computer education, offering a broad suite of courses that caters both to individuals and corporate clients. Their “IT & Computer Software” track includes industry‑relevant modules such as ICDL, Microsoft Office, Web Designing and Development, Robotics for Adults, IoT, Blockchain, and more. With modern computer labs and small class sizes, they emphasize hands‑on learning through live simulations and practical case studies—ideal for learners looking to gain applicable digital skills and professional certificates.
EduPlus provides flexible delivery options—face-to-face classes at their centrally located Hamdan Street branch or live online sessions via Zoom/Teams. They’re also a certified Pearson VUE testing center, delivering a secure environment for professional exams in IT, healthcare, finance and engineering. With long operating hours, competitive pricing, and personalized instruction, EduPlus stands out as a convenient, accessible hub for both IT learning and formal certification in Abu Dhabi.

Monday | 8:30 AM – 8:00 PM |
Tuesday | 8:30 AM – 8:00 PM |
Wednesday | 8:30 AM – 8:00 PM |
Thursday | 8:30 AM – 8:00 PM |
Friday | 8:30 AM – 8:00 PM |
Saturday | Closed |
Sunday | 8:30 AM – 8:00 PM |
Nbiz Infosol
Nbiz Infosol Information Consultancy LLC, located on Al Salam Street in Abu Dhabi, is a leading provider of specialized IT and information security training. They offer a range of advanced courses designed for professionals seeking to enhance their expertise in cybersecurity, IT governance and auditing. Their offerings include globally recognized certifications such as Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH), Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP), and Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA).
Nbiz Infosol’s training programs are structured to provide both theoretical knowledge and practical skills. Courses are delivered through a combination of classroom instruction and hands-on labs, ensuring that participants gain real-world experience. The institute is accredited by ACTVET (Abu Dhabi Centre for Technical and Vocational Education and Training), ensuring that their programs meet high educational standards. These certifications are ideal for professionals aiming to advance their careers in IT security, governance and auditing.

Monday | 8:30 AM – 6:00 PM |
Tuesday | 8:30 AM – 6:00 PM |
Wednesday | 8:30 AM – 6:00 PM |
Thursday | 8:30 AM – 6:00 PM |
Friday | 9:00 AM – 6:00 PM |
Saturday | 8:30 AM – 6:00 PM |
Sunday | 9:00 AM – 6:00 PM |
SWTC Institute
SWTC Institute in Abu Dhabi offers a wide range of computer and IT courses designed to equip learners with practical skills for today’s technology-driven world. Their training programs cover essential areas such as Microsoft Office (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook), web development, graphic design, programming languages, and database management. With a focus on hands-on learning, SWTC ensures students gain both theoretical knowledge and real-world experience, preparing them for careers in IT support, software development and digital design.
Additionally, SWTC provides specialized courses in networking and cybersecurity, helping students build expertise in managing computer networks and protecting systems against cyber threats. Their flexible course delivery—offered both online and in-person—makes it accessible for working professionals and individuals seeking to upskill. Accredited by ACTVET, the institute also offers customized corporate training to meet the specific needs of businesses, making it a comprehensive training center for IT education in Abu Dhabi.

Monday | 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Tuesday | 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Wednesday | 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Thursday | 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Friday | 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Saturday | 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Sunday | 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Quattro Training & Consultation Center
Quattro Training & Consultation Center (QTC), established in 1999 and located in Abu Dhabi, is a prominent institution offering a diverse range of accredited training programs. Their offerings include Information Technology (IT) courses, which are designed to enhance technical skills and knowledge in various IT domains.
QTC provides comprehensive IT training programs aimed at equipping individuals with the necessary skills to excel in the ever-evolving technology landscape. The center offers courses that cover essential IT concepts and practices, ensuring that students gain a solid foundation in the field. These programs are suitable for professionals seeking to upgrade their skills or individuals aspiring to build a career in IT.

Monday | 9:00 AM – 6:00 PM |
Tuesday | 9:00 AM – 6:00 PM |
Wednesday | 9:00 AM – 6:00 PM |
Thursday | 9:00 AM – 6:00 PM |
Friday | 9:00 AM – 6:00 PM |
Saturday | Closed |
Sunday | Closed |
Step It Educational Institute Abu Dhabi
STEP IT Educational Institute in Abu Dhabi specializes in IT courses designed primarily for children and young adults, focusing on practical, hands-on learning. Their programs cover a wide range of topics such as basic computer skills, programming with Python and JavaScript, 3D modeling, game development, robotics using LEGO kits, and even virtual reality applications. These courses are tailored by age groups, from young kids learning computer basics and simple programming to teens and adults engaging in more complex coding, design and robotics projects. The institute also offers seasonal summer and winter camps to provide an engaging learning experience outside the regular school year.
In addition to skill-building, STEP IT Institute provides recognized certifications, including KHDA-stamped certificates that add formal value to the training. Their courses promote creativity and technical competence, preparing students for future careers in technology and digital fields. With a focus on interactive learning through projects and real-world applications, STEP IT stands out as a dynamic educational center that nurtures the next generation of tech-savvy professionals in Abu Dhabi.

Monday | 10:00 AM – 7:00 PM |
Tuesday | 10:00 AM – 7:00 PM |
Wednesday | 10:00 AM – 7:00 PM |
Thursday | 10:00 AM – 7:00 PM |
Friday | 10:00 AM – 7:00 PM |
Saturday | 9:00 AM – 7:00 PM |
Sunday | 9:00 AM – 7:00 PM |
Duke Training Centre
Duke Training Centre, established in 2004 and located in Abu Dhabi’s Tourist Club Area, is a leading provider of professional training in the UAE. The centre offers a comprehensive range of IT courses, including certifications in Microsoft, Cisco, CompTIA, and Autodesk, among others. Approved by the Abu Dhabi Centre for Technical Vocational Education & Training (ACTVET) and an Autodesk Authorized Training & Testing Centre, Duke ensures high-quality education delivered by certified instructors. Courses are available in various formats: online instructor-led, classroom training, and onsite sessions, catering to diverse learning preferences.
Their IT curriculum encompasses essential areas such as networking, cybersecurity, data science and infrastructure management. Notable programs include Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA), CompTIA Security+, Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) and Microsoft 365 Administration. Additionally, Duke offers specialized courses like Revit Architecture and Power BI, designed to enhance skills in design and data analytics. With a track record of over 29,000 students enrolled and more than 32,000 classes completed, Duke Training Centre has established itself as a trusted institution for IT education in Abu Dhabi.

Monday | 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Tuesday | 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Wednesday | 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Thursday | 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Friday | 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Saturday | 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Sunday | 9:00 AM – 6:00 PM |
Cambridge Educational Institute
Cambridge Educational Institute, located in Abu Dhabi since 1987, is a well-established training center known for its extensive range of professional courses, especially in technology and computer education. Situated in the prominent Al Otaiba Tower on Electra Street, the institute has built a strong reputation as a reliable choice for individuals looking to enhance their technical skills and advance their careers. Their offerings range from basic computer literacy courses to more advanced programs tailored for professionals and businesses seeking specialized training in various technology fields.
The institute provides training for both individuals and corporate clients, offering flexible learning options that include in-person classes and customized programs to meet specific needs. Cambridge Educational Institute prides itself on employing qualified instructors who deliver high-quality education using modern teaching methods and up-to-date technological resources. Its longstanding presence and positive reputation in Abu Dhabi’s educational market reflect its commitment to excellence and continuous adaptation in the fast-evolving tech sector.

Monday | 9:00 AM – 7:00 PM |
Tuesday | 9:00 AM – 7:00 PM |
Wednesday | 9:00 AM – 7:00 PM |
Thursday | 9:00 AM – 7:00 PM |
Friday | 9:30 AM – 3:00 PM |
Saturday | 11:00 AM – 6:00 PM |
Sunday | Closed |
Syscoms Abu Dhabi
Syscoms Institute, located in Abu Dhabi and established in 1990, is a reputable training center offering a broad range of IT and computer courses. As part of LuLu Group International and accredited by ACTVET, Syscoms provides high-quality education in key areas such as networking, programming, cloud computing and basic computer skills. Their courses include certifications like Cisco CCNA, Microsoft MCSA, Microsoft Azure Fundamentals, ICDL and Python programming, designed to equip students with practical skills for the tech industry.
The institute is known for its experienced instructors and hands-on teaching approach, ensuring learners gain real-world experience in their chosen fields. With flexible course options and competitive pricing, Syscoms caters to both beginners and professionals looking to advance their IT careers.

Monday | 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Tuesday | 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Wednesday | 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Thursday | 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Friday | 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Saturday | 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Sunday | Closed |
Al Bayan International Institute
Al Bayan International Institute, established in 1989 in Abu Dhabi, is a prominent training center offering a diverse array of programs to meet the evolving needs of the UAE’s workforce. Their Information Technology department provides comprehensive courses designed to equip individuals with essential digital skills and specialized technical knowledge.
Among the offerings are diplomas in Artificial Intelligence, Graphic Design and Social Media, UI/UX Design, Cybersecurity, and Metaverse and Digital Transformation. These programs are tailored to prepare students for the dynamic demands of the tech industry, ensuring they are well-versed in current technologies and methodologies.

Monday | 8:30 AM – 8:30 PM |
Tuesday | 8:30 AM – 8:30 PM |
Wednesday | 8:30 AM – 8:30 PM |
Thursday | 8:30 AM – 8:30 PM |
Friday | 8:30 AM – 4:00 PM |
Saturday | 8:30 AM – 4:00 PM |
Sunday | Closed |
Global Institute Mct
Global Institute MCT, located on the 3rd floor of Block A, City Center Building, Hamdan Street, Abu Dhabi, is a vocational training center offering a diverse range of courses aimed at enhancing professional skills across various sectors. While their primary focus is on healthcare and administrative training, they also provide foundational computer courses to support individuals seeking to improve their digital literacy.
Their computer-related offerings include Basic Computer Literacy (designed for beginners, covers essential computer skills, including word processing, spreadsheet management and internet usage) and Computer Technician (aimed at those interested in IT support roles, this program delves into hardware maintenance, troubleshooting and basic networking concepts).
Monday | Not available |
Tuesday | Not available |
Wednesday | Not available |
Thursday | Not available |
Friday | Not available |
Saturday | Not available |
Sunday | Not available |
Compubase
CompuBase, established in 1998 and located on Hamdan Street in Abu Dhabi, is a leading IT training center known for its high-quality computer courses and certifications. As the first and only Microsoft Certified Gold Partner – Learning Solution approved by the UAE Ministry of Education, CompuBase offers a wide range of programs including Microsoft Office training, CompTIA A+, Cisco CCNA, Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH), ICDL, and courses in artificial intelligence and project management. Their comprehensive curriculum is designed to equip students and professionals with practical skills to succeed in today’s technology-driven world.
The institute provides flexible learning options such as evening and weekend classes, catering especially to working individuals who want to upgrade their skills without disrupting their schedules. CompuBase also delivers corporate training solutions to help businesses enhance their workforce’s technical capabilities. With experienced instructors and up-to-date course materials, CompuBase remains a trusted choice for IT education in Abu Dhabi.

Monday | 8:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Tuesday | 8:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Wednesday | 8:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Thursday | 8:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Friday | 8:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Saturday | 9:00 AM – 9:00 PM |
Sunday | Closed |
Al Areef Computer Institute
Al Areef Computer Institute is a well-established IT training center located in Abu Dhabi. Founded in 1991 and situated on the 7th floor of Al Yousuf Centre on Hamdan Street, near the Crowne Plaza Hotel, the institute has been serving the community for over three decades. It offers a wide range of computer courses designed to meet the needs of both individuals and corporate clients. The institute is known for its rigorous training methodology, which includes both theoretical and practical lab sessions, ensuring that students gain hands-on experience in various IT disciplines.
Al Areef Computer Institute provides courses in areas such as Microsoft Office, programming languages like Java, A+, Network+, MCSE, MCAD, MCTS, CCNA, CCNP, e-commerce, web designing, hardware and networking, .NET technology, database management, computer-aided drafting, graphic designing, and keyboard typing. Additionally, the institute offers training in project management, accounting, secretarial courses, and language studies. With a focus on quality education and a commitment to meeting industry standards, Al Areef Computer Institute has built a strong reputation in the UAE’s IT training sector.
Monday | Not available |
Tuesday | Not available |
Wednesday | Not available |
Thursday | Not available |
Friday | Not available |
Saturday | Not available |
Sunday | Not available |
Abu Dhabi boasts a diverse array of esteemed training centers dedicated to enhancing your digital skills and advancing your career. Whether you’re seeking foundational knowledge in computer literacy or aiming for specialized certifications in areas like artificial intelligence, cybersecurity or software development, the city’s institutes offer comprehensive programs tailored to meet the evolving demands of the tech industry.